Unique and unusual Soviet cars (56 photos) Bashny.Net

How Soviet machines do you know? VAZ GAZ MAZ and etc.? Let's see what the car did in the Soviet Union.

GAZ-62 - our answer to Americans


GAZ-62 (1952) - Army prototype SUV, created to replace the well-proven in the army during the war Dodge 3/4 (which comes in the USSR on lend-lease).

The car had dimensions 5000h2100h1800 mm and a wheelbase of 2850 mm in size, was designed to carry 12 people or 1,200 kg of cargo, maximum skrost rover was 85 km / h. As the power unit used 6-cylinder 76-hp engine.



The design of this car was used a number of progressive for that time decisions: to prevent water, dirt and sand wheel drum brakes were sealed, rubber pads in sealing spring reduced the amount of maintenance. ATV is unparalleled: there was a powerful heater with fan-assisted windshield and rear springs having a variable stiffness, providing a high smoothness.

Apart from the main passenger version was developed as a modification of freight cars - GAZ-62A with a body larger obhema and horizontal spare wheel.

GAZ-62 was vseneobhodimye tests and in 1958 was demonstrated as a promising model of the Gorky Automobile Plant in the All-Union Industrial Exhibition in Moscow (later - ENEA), but production for unknown reasons, has not been launched.

ZIS-E134 layout №1



In the summer of 1954 to the newly formed SLE VMS, originally, there were only 20 people, was given the task: in the short term to create a brand new multi-purpose four-Medium (8 × 8) car ultrahigh permeability (aka fleet artillery tractor ATK-6) with capacity of 5 -6 m.

As experience in the development of these machines were not, to examine the issues improve cross-wheeled vehicles as well as to assess the effect of certain design parameters for continuity during July-August 1955 was built a four-seasoned (8 × 8) truck ZIS-E134 layout №1.



Experienced ZIL-E134 has proved its worth. Almost without conceding caterpillar tractor on the cross and the power of traction, it has a number of advantages - higher speed on highways and resource chassis, cheaper operation. The tests revealed areas for further research. And the developer and the customer would like to see a more perfect machine. According to the requirements of the military, its capacity should be at least 6 m, weight of the towed guns has doubled. Nevertheless, the invaluable experience gained in the design, construction and testing in the ZIL-E134 layout №1, giving confidence in the successful implementation of a new job at a high technical level.

ZIS-E134 layout №2



In order to determine the parameters and design solutions waterfowl car April 9 1956 was built a prototype of an 8 × 8 ZIS-E134 layout №2. He differed from his predecessor displacing body, lack of flexible wheel suspension (based on experience testing ZIS-E134 layout №1), the presence of water jet (not installed at once) with a rotary nozzle, acting as the water wheel. The impeller jet borrowed from the tank PT-76. At the power plant, transmission, propeller and control system for the new machine is no different from the ZIS-E134 layout №1.

MAZ-505



MAZ-505 (1962) - experienced four-wheel drive truck with a side platform, created for the army. The mass production of this model is not gone, probably losing another novelty in those years - GAZ-66.

ZIL-132R - supergruzovik for agriculture



The machine, designed by a leading designer AI Filippov department chief designer ZIL, headed by VA Grachev, had a number of interesting features. The chassis has been even distribution of three (2100+ 2100 mm) on the basis of the axes, powertrain (engine ZIL-130, boosted to 165 hp) with the clutch and the gearbox is located between the first and second axes and fiberglass cockpit with steel doors - front of the engine. Transmission is made by H-shaped pattern, that is, the on-board power distribution flow so that the wheels of each side had a tough (bezdifferentsialnuyu) driving connection with each other. The two-disc clutch was supplied with a hydraulic drive and manual 5-speed gearbox - a remote control. Cylindrical mezhbortovoy differential transfer case equipped with a locking mechanism. On the gearbox mounted PTO with hydraulic pump to drive tipper or fertilizer.



Changing direction rotates the front and rear wheels driven by the hydraulic system without a rigid connection between the front and rear steering axles. On cars the tire 16.00-20 diameter of about 1400 mm, which in combination with the independent suspension provides a ground clearance from 480 to 590 mm, centralized control of air pressure in the tires and ventilated disc brakes with dual-circuit hydraulic drive, which is not at the wheel hubs, and in the final drives front and rear steering wheels. Among the mass-produced truck ZIL-132 P while not equal. Moreover, figures cross the car were so high that it is to compete freely, and in many cases exceeded the crawler tractors used in rural areas.

But the car was built in a single copy.

Zil-E-167 - snowmobile terrain



Zil-E-167 (1963) - Pilot wheel rover terrain designed for use in conditions of complete off-road in adverse climatic conditions. The car was created with the use of components and assemblies from virtually finished by the time the chassis "135L", frame which has been further strengthened.

The movement supervezdehod cited two engines ZIL-375 118 hp Each power scheme broadcast on board. Is located behind the engines, for better cooling air intakes are provided on the sides of the body. Huge wheels, shod with tires dimension 21.00-28 and 1790mm diameter GRP on the unique (!) Teams with metal disks, weighed almost three times less than metal counterparts. Ground clearance cars with these wheels was 852 mm, the bottom was covered with steel plates for protection units and better glide through the snow and mud.



The cab driver and passengers was also made of fiberglass, have been installed in the cabin longitudinal seats. Cab borrowed at ZIL-135L and interior heated independent heater. Among other things, the machine was installed winch with a pulling force of 7 tons.

The suspension corresponds to that of the 135L, drum brakes were operated hydropneumatic system. During the test, the car proved to be excellent, the maximum speed on the highway in the winter is 75 km / h, on virgin snow 10 km / h. However, in a series of all-terrain vehicle has not gone since because of the ease of transmission inferior design in terms of maintainability caterpillar tractor GT-1.

ZIL-49061



ZIL-49061 - three-axle all-wheel drive car based on a floating terrain vehicle ZIL-4906. Included in the search and rescue complex "Blue Bird».

These amphibians installed engines ZIL-131 with manual transmission; We used all wheel independent suspension, two propellers; front and rear wheels made manageable, and the link between those and others provide hydrostatic servo drives, allowing the rotation of the rear wheels begins after the turn of the front at an angle of more than 6 °. It was an unusual decision for brake mechanisms: they are circular, but not placed in the wheels, and the machine.

Machinery set 490 have been successfully tested and produced commercially for many years. These "Blue Bird" and still serve in the Military Space Forces. Substitute them no. 4906 Two cars were sent to Germany during the flood engulfed her in summer 2002, which is very effectively used for the evacuation of residents from flooded areas. In Europe, there was nothing like this that has caused the Germans a sense of admiration and outright jealousy.

In addition, the complex "Blue Bird" was part of ZIL-2906.



ZIL-2906 - Screw Rotary terrain vehicle, we carry on a cargo ZIL-4906. With the improvement of the index was 29061.



Swamp buggies equipped with two rotary-piston dvigatelyammi VAZ-board circuit transmission, chassis and screws - made of aluminum alloy, the car - made of fiberglass.

Such a unique complex, having due ZIL-29061, virtually absolute vseprohodimostyu, to this day does not have any country in the world.

ZIL-4904



Screw Rotary terrain vehicle all-terrain vehicle ZIL-4904 was built in 1972, it is the largest in the world. Payload - 2, 5 tons. However, he developed a very low speed - 10, 1 km / h on the water, 7, 3 km / h in the swamp, 4, 45 km / h on splavnine, 10, 5 km / h on the snow.



Lightweight hollow or filled from within the polymer (eg, polystyrene) screws allow the machine to float on the water, to cross these black spots, which is stuck or sink any wheeled and tracked vehicles. However, since the screws are made of a hard material, usually made of nonferrous metals, all-terrain vehicle on the screw-rotary course absolutely unsuitable for paved roads. On asphalt, concrete and gravel, even such a machine would have to take on the tow truck.

VAZ-E2121 "Crocodile" - an early prototype of the legendary Neve





VAZ-E2121 "Crocodile" (1971) - an early prototype of the experimental VAZ-2121, with the frame and an open body, switchable front and rear axles. In the future design of the car was almost completely changed, all were released two prototypes of this model.

AZLK-2150 - a prototype off-road Moskvich



AZLK-2150 - a light SUV from AZLK created in the USSR in 1973, the project to create a compact luxury SUV. Aggregate of the prototype model has been unified with the M-2140, it was planned at the time to production. There were created two prototype M-2150 with canvas and hard top.

Moscow SUV has received excellent on the concept of "Niva", more close to the "classical" SUVs - with a separate frame spar, rigid beam axle and leaf springs. In the competition of three plants (at AvtoVAZ - the future of VAZ-2121 "Niva", and IL-mache - Iz-14) won AvtoVAZ, who managed to create the most comfortable and competitive on the global market, although less "off-road" design.



The prototype of the M-2150 interested in the War Department formally by the Ministry of Defence received an order to produce 60 thousand cars a year at a factory in the city of Kineshma, however, to the production, it never came.

VAZ-E2122 - Army jeep from Tolyatti



VAZ-E2122 (1976) - the first version of the pilot flying SUV, develop for the Ministry of Defense of the USSR (the project was originally created on their own plant). The car was designed with components and assemblies of civil VAZ-2121 "Niva", which is ready for production at the same time.

E2122 differs from its analogues primarily original design, it not issue amphibian, small size and maneuverability (turning radius kprimeru on water and land was practically the same). Sealed body allows the car by turning the wheel to move through the water at a rate of 4 to 5 km / h. The engine capacity of 1, 6-liter, permanent four-wheel drive, contributed to a good maneuverability of the car (on land and water), which is absolutely not inferior to "oldies" UAZ-469. From Oise (to unification) and the prototype went winch hitch, at the request of the military bumpers were made as flat, with recessed lights in them, to be able to push the stuck car in front, the windshield frame and the side doors were formed. Besides "jeep" it was equipped with two fuel tanks and bodywork involves the installation of stretchers.



The first version of the car tent had no side windows, but when tested, it became clear that the visibility ago sorely lacking, and they were made to the design. However, the tightness of the body is bad operating temperature "nivovsky" units, with the result that they quickly broke down, the body is not easy to withstand severe loads. But the prototype of customers still like, it was decided to continue the work and design of the second version of the Jeep.

VAZ-2E2122 - the second option floating jeep



VAZ-2E2122 (1977) - the second variant of the floating SUV for the army, based at the prototype E2122. This prototype VAZ designers have tried to consider all the needs of the military department and get rid of the shortcomings of the first version: the engine and transmission overheating, damage to the exhaust system, poor visibility, as well as to work out a few other important things, like the ability to run at low temperatures.

UAZ-452K - triaxial loaf



UAZ-452K (1973) - Pilot shestnadtsatimestny bus with 6x4. On the basis of the bus have been developed resuscitation cars "Medea" for the needs of the Georgian rescuers. There was also the option of 6x6 and later in Georgia was established in small-scale prospect reanemobiley from 1989 to 1994, about 50 per year.

But this project has not been buried - the car was produced from 1989 to 1994, the cooperative "ATV" from the Georgian town of Bolnisi.

ZIL-4102 - a prototype of the latest "chlenovoz»



ZIL-4102 - promising a limousine, which was to replace the outdated five-seat sedan ZIL-41041. In 1988 the sixth workshop of ZIL produced two prototypes of the car. The principal difference between the new model from other Soviet limousine service is the lack of a frame in this regard, designers ZIL had to do a great job of reducing vibration monocoque. The new sedan was two feet longer than the "Volga", and weighed half a ton less than the Zil-41041. Roof and floor panels, the trunk lid, hood and bumpers were made of fiberglass.

NAMI-0284 "Debut" (1987)



The car - a concept car, as it was written then, "very small class", built with the prospect of the use of certain solutions for the production car ZAZ.



The original body had good aerodynamics (drag coefficient Cx - 0, 23). On cars the engines of "Oka" (VAZ-1111 and VAZ-11113), and a later version with a slightly modified trim ("Debut-II») - MeMZ-245. Planned as test car with the engine VAZ-11113 with turbocharging and MeMZ with a 16-valve cylinder head. "Debut" was equipped with a means of an electrical coupling, cruise control.

2142 AZLK "Moskvich" - experienced sedan



2142 AZLK "Moskvich" (1990-96) - experienced a sedan that is based on AZLK-2141 and presented to the public in 1990. The car has been fully tested and is almost ready for production, it planned to send the machine on a conveyor already in 1992, equipping it with new engine Moskvich-414.



After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the death of the then Director-General's AZLK V.P.Kolomnikova, these plans did not come true, but with different engines intended to prototype a few years. Moreover, virtually non-existent car later served as a base for releasing small-scale models of "Prince Vladimir" and "Ivan Kalita».

The project "Istra»



AZLK-2144, "Istra" - an experienced car AZLK plant, established in the mid to late 1980s. It was made in a single copy in about 1985-88 years, was never produced commercially.

Notable for a number of unique solutions, including - duralumin body with no B-pillar; two wide side doors that open vertically upwards; diesel, powered by rapeseed oil; night vision device and display readings on the windshield; unique automatic transmission.

"Istra" in many ways ahead of its time. At that time, this machine is far superior to its predecessors.



The only model sample previously stored in the museum AZLK, is now in the museum at Rogozhskoe shaft in Moscow.

UAZ-3170 Simbir



In 1975, UAZ, with chief designer Startseva, began to develop, and in 1980 saw the release of a demo mock "car general purpose terrain" UAZ-3170 "Simbir". The machine had a ground clearance of 325 mm and height of 1960 mm - both parameters are different from the "469-th" (215 and 2050 mm). The suspension was dependent spring.

















































































Source